Materials of Structure 3

1.   Reported Speech/Embedded Construction:
1. Declarative
2. Yes/No Question (interrogative, question tags, declarative)
3. Question-word Questions
4. Imperative

2.       Causative (have, make, let+ bare infinitive) and (get, ask, want + infinitive)

1. Active Causative
2. Passive Causative

3.       Conditional Sentences (Present and Past)

1. Probable (with/without ‘will’à fact/habit)
2. Improbable (normal and inverted)
3. Impossible (normal and inverted)

4.       Subjunctive

1. Hope (may, wish)
2. Contrary to fact (as if/as though)
3. Mandatory subjunctive (It is + important/vital, essential, imperative + that + S + P (bare infinitive)

5.       Other Types of Subjunctive

1. Unless,
2. But for,
3. Providing/provided that,
4. with a condition that

6.  Inverted construction
1. Yes/no Question
2. Conditional Sentence (Type II, III)
3. Positive Comparison
4. Negative (beginning with: Never, Not, Not only, Seldom, Hardly, Scarcely)
5. Place as predicate complement
6. Begins with particle (e.g. Away flew the hat)

7.       Present (active) and Past (passive) Participle beyond tenses

1. Sentence modifier
2. Apposition
3. Miscellaneous

8.       Gerund vs. Present Participles

1. Gerund (As subject, predicate complement, object, after preposition, after certain verbs, compound-noun)
2. Present participle (as continuous/progressive/real and adjective)