Gerund, Participle and To Infinitive

See the following links:
Different Function of Gerund, Participle and Infinitive

Assignment: Monday 19 2012

A. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.

1. When the painter felt the ladder (begin) (slip) he grabbed the gutter (save) himself from (fall).
2. The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try) (keep) the roads clear.
3. He offered (lend) me the money. I didn't like (take) it but I had no alternative.
4. What was in the letter? -I don't know. I didn't like (open) it as it wasn't addressed to me.
5. Do you remember (read) about it? ~No, at that time I was too young (read) newspapers.
6. Did you remember (book) seats for the theatre tomorrow? ~Yes, I have the tickets here. Would you like (keep) them? I am inclined (lose) theatre tickets.
7. Try (avoid) (be) late. He hates (be) kept (wait).
8. I didn't know how (get) to your house so I stopped (ask) the way.
9. I wish my refrigerator would stop (make) that horrible noise. You can't hear anyone (speak).
10. This book tells you how (win) at games without actually (cheat).
11. The gunman began (fire). He felt a bullet (graze) his cheek.
12. He heard the clock (strike) six and knew that it was time for him (get) up.
13. I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door.
14. Did you advise him (go) to the police? ~No, I didn't like (give) any advice on such a difficult matter.
15. He wanted (put) my chameleon on a tartan rug and (watch) it (change) colour.
16. It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is very difficult (avoid) (hit) them.
17. The fire seems (be) out. ~It can't be quite out. I can hear the wood (crackle).
18. I caught him (climb) over my wall. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything, so in the end I had (let) him (go).
19. When at last I succeeded in (convince) him that I wanted (get) home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap)forward.
20. I'm not used to (drive) on the left. -When you see everyone else (do) it you'll find it quite easy (do) yourself.
21. It is pleasant (sit) by the fire at night and (hear) the wind (howl) outside.
22. There was no way of (get) out of the building except by (climb) down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) this.
23. We heard the engines (roar) as the plane began (move) and we saw the people on the ground (wave) good-bye.
24. It's no good (write) to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) is (go) and (see) him.
25. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) across it? ~I didn't like (cross) it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) that it wants (chase) me.
26. The people in the flat below seem (be having) a party. You can hear the champagne corks (thud) against their ceiling.
27. I don't like (get) bills but when I do get them I like (pay) them promptly.
28. Ask him (come) in. Don't keep him (stand) at the door.
29. The boys next door used (like) (make) and (fly) model aeroplanes, but they seem to have stopped (do) that now.
30. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive), for I saw smoke (rise) from the chimney.
31. We watched the men (saw) the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) with a tremendous crash.
32. I hate (see) a child (cry).
33. We watched the children (jump) from a window and (fall) into a blanket held by the people below.
34. It is very unpleasant (wake) up and (hear) the rain (beat) on the windows.
35. He saw the lorry (begin) (roll) forwards but he was too far away (do) anything (stop) it.
36. There are people who can't help (laugh) when they see someone(slip) on a banana skin.

B.  Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle e.g. knowing, a past participle e.g. known, or a perfect participle e.g. having known. Numbers 17, 28, 33, and 36 contain three sentences each. Combine these in the same way.

Examples:

He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.

Getting off his horse, he began searching. . .

I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there.

Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire . . .

The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions.

Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused. . .

These participle constructions are more common in written English.

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.
2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall.
3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.
4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.
5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.
6. The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.
7. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.
8. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.
9. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
10. He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.
11. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before.
12. They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.
13. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.
14. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.
15. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.
16. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.
17. He found his revolver. He loaded it. He sat down facing the door.
18. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone.
19. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.
20. He addressed the congregation. He said he was sorry to see how few of them had been able to come.
21. He thought he must have made a mistake somewhere. He went through his calculations again.
22. I have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date.
23. The tree had fallen across the road. It had been uprooted by the gale.
24. People were sleeping in the next room. They were wakened by the sound of breaking glass.
25. I knew that the murderer was still at large. I was extremely reluctant to open the door.
26. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it.
27. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station.
28. I sat in the front row. I used opera glasses. I saw everything beautifully.
29. One evening you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day.
30. I didn't like to sit down. I knew that there were ants in the grass.
31. She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque.
32. Slates were ripped off by the gale. They fell on people passing below.
33. The lion found his cage door open. He saw no sign of his keeper. He left the cage and walked slowly towards the zoo entrance.
34. The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses. They put a tax on windows.
35. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without a light.
36. She wore extremely fashionable clothes. She was surrounded by photographers and pressmen. She swept up to the microphone.

 
Write them down on your book, we'll discuss them in the next meeting.

GOOD LUCK

Conditional Sentence

Please click the link:

explanation

Causative Exercises

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/221.html
http://eslpuzzles.com/Grammar%20Games/Causative%20Verb%20Games/Causative%20Verb%20Multiple%20Choice%20Grammar%20Game.html
http://englishlearner.com/intermediate/causative-story.shtml
http://english.specialist.hu/a3/xgg/icau.htm

Exercises

Click the following links for the exercises of Reported Speech:

http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_reported1.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech-exercises.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?05
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?06
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?10

Materials of Structure 3

1.   Reported Speech/Embedded Construction:
1. Declarative
2. Yes/No Question (interrogative, question tags, declarative)
3. Question-word Questions
4. Imperative

2.       Causative (have, make, let+ bare infinitive) and (get, ask, want + infinitive)

1. Active Causative
2. Passive Causative

3.       Conditional Sentences (Present and Past)

1. Probable (with/without ‘will’à fact/habit)
2. Improbable (normal and inverted)
3. Impossible (normal and inverted)

4.       Subjunctive

1. Hope (may, wish)
2. Contrary to fact (as if/as though)
3. Mandatory subjunctive (It is + important/vital, essential, imperative + that + S + P (bare infinitive)

5.       Other Types of Subjunctive

1. Unless,
2. But for,
3. Providing/provided that,
4. with a condition that

6.  Inverted construction
1. Yes/no Question
2. Conditional Sentence (Type II, III)
3. Positive Comparison
4. Negative (beginning with: Never, Not, Not only, Seldom, Hardly, Scarcely)
5. Place as predicate complement
6. Begins with particle (e.g. Away flew the hat)

7.       Present (active) and Past (passive) Participle beyond tenses

1. Sentence modifier
2. Apposition
3. Miscellaneous

8.       Gerund vs. Present Participles

1. Gerund (As subject, predicate complement, object, after preposition, after certain verbs, compound-noun)
2. Present participle (as continuous/progressive/real and adjective)